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Ultrasonography of the urinary system

6 bytes added, 13:41, 10 April 2019
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==Basic screening==
*'''Scan''' through the renal volumes in two projections, looking for focal changes or hydronephrosis.
[[File:Measures of the kidney.jpg|thumb|130px|Figure 1. Measures of the kidney. L = length. P = parenchymal thickness. C = cortical thickness.<ref name=Hansen2015/>]]
*Measure '''renal size''': The length of the adult kidney is normally 10–12 cm, and the right kidney is often slightly longer than the left kidney. The adult kidney size is variable due to the correlation with body height and age; however, normograms for pediatric kidney size are available.<ref name="Hansen2015" />
*Measure '''cortical thickness''': Cortical thickness should be estimated from the base of the pyramid and is generally 7–10 mm. If the pyramids are difficult to differentiate, the parenchymal thickness can be measured instead and should be 15–20 mm (Figure 1). The echogenicity of the cortex decreases with age and is less echogenic than or equal to the liver and spleen at the same depth in individuals older than six months. In neonates and children up to six months of age, the cortex is more echogenic than the liver and spleen when compared at the same depth.<ref name="Hansen2015" />
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