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==Notes==
{{reflist|group="note"|
refs=
<ref name="pitch" group="note">Detailed explanations and references are located in the [[Calcaneal pitch]] article.</ref>
<ref name="indications" group="note">Indications for non-surgical treatment is based on pain:
*{{cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flatfeet/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372609|title=Flatfeet|website=Mayo Clinic|accessdate=2018-07-04}}
Indications for surgery are failure of non-surgical treatment as well as a flexible rather than stiff arch:
*{{cite journal|last1=Vulcano|first1=Ettore|last2=Deland|first2=Jonathan T.|last3=Ellis|first3=Scott J.|title=Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity|journal=Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine|volume=6|issue=4|year=2013|pages=294–303|issn=1935-973X|doi=10.1007/s12178-013-9173-z}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.aofas.org/footcaremd/treatments/Pages/Flatfoot-Surgical-Correction.aspx|title=Flatfoot Surgical Correction|website=American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society|accessdate=2018-07-04}}</ref>
}}
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==Planning==
Flat feet can be diagnosed clinically, but projectional radiography ("X-ray") is helpful in uncertain cases. It can be used for severity grading, although this has little implication for treatment options.<ref name="indications" group="notenotes">Indications for non-surgical treatment is based on pain:*{{cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flatfeet/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372609|title=Flatfeet|website=Mayo Clinic|accessdate=2018-07-04}}Indications for surgery are failure of non-surgical treatment as well as a flexible rather than stiff arch:*{{cite journal|last1=Vulcano|first1=Ettore|last2=Deland|first2=Jonathan T.|last3=Ellis|first3=Scott J.|title=Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity|journal=Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine|volume=6|issue=4|year=2013|pages=294–303|issn=1935-973X|doi=10.1007/s12178-013-9173-z}}*{{cite web|url=http://www.aofas.org/footcaremd/treatments/Pages/Flatfoot-Surgical-Correction.aspx|title=Flatfoot Surgical Correction|website=American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society|accessdate=2018-07-04}}</ref></ref> In children, X-ray may be taken in more severe cases of flat feet in order to determine the extent of the deformity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14483-flatfoot-in-children/diagnosis-and-tests|title=Flatfoot in Children: Diagnosis and Tests - How is pediatric flatfoot diagnosed?|website=Cleveland Clinic|accessdate=2018-07-09}}</ref>
==Diagnosis==
<gallery mode="packed" heights=160px>
File:Talonavicular coverage angle.jpg|Dorsoplantar [[projectional radiograph]] of the foot showing the measurement of the talonavicular coverage angle.
File:Calcaneal pitch.jpg|Weight-bearing lateral [[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] showing the measurement of [[calcaneal pitch]], which is an angle of the [[calcaneus]] and the inferior aspect of the foot, with different sources giving different reference points.<ref name="pitch" group="notenotes">Detailed explanations and references are located in the [[Calcaneal pitch]] article.</ref> A calcaneal pitch of less than 17° or 18° indicates flat feet.<ref name="uw-planus" />
File:Talar-1st metatarsal angle (Meary's angle).jpg|Same lateral X-ray showing the measurement of Meary's angle, which is the angle between the long axis of the [[Talus bone|talus]] and [[first metatarsal bone]].<ref name="uw-planus" /> An angle greater than 4° convex downward is considered a flat foot.<ref name="uw-planus" />
</gallery>
Upon request, severity can be given, as the value of Meary's angle or simply as "mild", "moderate" or "severe", otherwise it is not necessary to report.<ref name="indications" group="note"/>
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