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|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
|author2=
}}
==Evaluation==
The Kellgren-Lawrence scale has been recommended:<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.bjjprocs.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/94-B/SUPP_XXXVII/64|title=How to assess ankle osteoarthritis: comparison of the Kellgren and Lawrence scale with functional outcome and digital image analysis|author=Nicolas Holzer, Davide Salvo, Anne Karien Marijnissen, Aminudin Che Ahmad, Emanuele Sera, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Anne Lübbeke Wolff, Mathieu Assal|journal=Orthopaedic Proceedings|date=2017-09-14|volume=94-B}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Kellgren-Lawrence system
|-
! Grade
! Description
|-
| 0
| No radiographic features of [[osteoarthritis]]
|-
| 1
| Osteophyte formation and possible joint space narrowing. The normal distances between the bones in the ankle are as follows:<ref name="ImaiIkoma2015">{{cite journal|last1=Imai|first1=Kan|last2=Ikoma|first2=Kazuya|last3=Kido|first3=Masamitsu|last4=Maki|first4=Masahiro|last5=Fujiwara|first5=Hiroyoshi|last6=Arai|first6=Yuji|last7=Oda|first7=Ryo|last8=Tokunaga|first8=Daisaku|last9=Inoue|first9=Nozomu|last10=Kubo|first10=Toshikazu|title=Joint space width of the tibiotalar joint in the healthy foot|journal=Journal of Foot and Ankle Research|volume=8|issue=1|year=2015|issn=1757-1146|doi=10.1186/s13047-015-0086-5}}</ref>
*Talus - medial malleolus : 1.70 ± 0.13 mm
*Talus - tibial plafond: 2.04 ± 0.29 mm
*Talus - lateral malleolus: 2.13 ± 0.20 mm
|-
| 2
| Definite osteophyte formation with possible joint space narrowing
|-
| 3
| Multiple osteophytes, definite joint space narrowing, sclerosis and possible bony deformity
|-
| 4
| Large osteophytes, marked joint space narrowing, severe sclerosis and definite bony deformity
|}
===Varus or valgus===
Varus or valgus deformity can be measured with the frontal tibiotalar surface angle (TTS):<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nosewicz|first1=Tomasz L.|last2=Knupp|first2=Markus|last3=Bolliger|first3=Lilianna|last4=Hintermann|first4=Beat|title=The reliability and validity of radiographic measurements for determining the three-dimensional position of the talus in varus and valgus osteoarthritic ankles|journal=Skeletal Radiology|volume=41|issue=12|year=2012|pages=1567–1573|issn=0364-2348|doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1421-6}}</ref>
[[File:X-ray of frontal tibiotalar surface angle (TTS).jpg|thumb|center]]
{{Bottom}}
|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
|author2=
}}
==Evaluation==
The Kellgren-Lawrence scale has been recommended:<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.bjjprocs.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/94-B/SUPP_XXXVII/64|title=How to assess ankle osteoarthritis: comparison of the Kellgren and Lawrence scale with functional outcome and digital image analysis|author=Nicolas Holzer, Davide Salvo, Anne Karien Marijnissen, Aminudin Che Ahmad, Emanuele Sera, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Anne Lübbeke Wolff, Mathieu Assal|journal=Orthopaedic Proceedings|date=2017-09-14|volume=94-B}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Kellgren-Lawrence system
|-
! Grade
! Description
|-
| 0
| No radiographic features of [[osteoarthritis]]
|-
| 1
| Osteophyte formation and possible joint space narrowing. The normal distances between the bones in the ankle are as follows:<ref name="ImaiIkoma2015">{{cite journal|last1=Imai|first1=Kan|last2=Ikoma|first2=Kazuya|last3=Kido|first3=Masamitsu|last4=Maki|first4=Masahiro|last5=Fujiwara|first5=Hiroyoshi|last6=Arai|first6=Yuji|last7=Oda|first7=Ryo|last8=Tokunaga|first8=Daisaku|last9=Inoue|first9=Nozomu|last10=Kubo|first10=Toshikazu|title=Joint space width of the tibiotalar joint in the healthy foot|journal=Journal of Foot and Ankle Research|volume=8|issue=1|year=2015|issn=1757-1146|doi=10.1186/s13047-015-0086-5}}</ref>
*Talus - medial malleolus : 1.70 ± 0.13 mm
*Talus - tibial plafond: 2.04 ± 0.29 mm
*Talus - lateral malleolus: 2.13 ± 0.20 mm
|-
| 2
| Definite osteophyte formation with possible joint space narrowing
|-
| 3
| Multiple osteophytes, definite joint space narrowing, sclerosis and possible bony deformity
|-
| 4
| Large osteophytes, marked joint space narrowing, severe sclerosis and definite bony deformity
|}
===Varus or valgus===
Varus or valgus deformity can be measured with the frontal tibiotalar surface angle (TTS):<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nosewicz|first1=Tomasz L.|last2=Knupp|first2=Markus|last3=Bolliger|first3=Lilianna|last4=Hintermann|first4=Beat|title=The reliability and validity of radiographic measurements for determining the three-dimensional position of the talus in varus and valgus osteoarthritic ankles|journal=Skeletal Radiology|volume=41|issue=12|year=2012|pages=1567–1573|issn=0364-2348|doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1421-6}}</ref>
[[File:X-ray of frontal tibiotalar surface angle (TTS).jpg|thumb|center]]
{{Bottom}}
