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Created page with "{{Top |author1=Rodrigo Horstmann Castilhos |author2= }} == T staging == '''Clinical T staging''' *T1: Limited to submucosa *T2: Invading muscularis prop..."
{{Top
|author1=[[User:Rhcastilhos|Rodrigo Horstmann Castilhos]]
|author2=
}}
== T staging ==
'''Clinical T staging'''
*T1: Limited to submucosa
*T2: Invading muscularis propria
*T3: Invading pericolorectal tissues (mesorectal fat)
*T4: Invading visceral peritoneum or other organs/structures
**T4a: Penetrates to the surface of visceral peritoneum
**T4b: Directly invades or is adherent to other organs/structures
'''MRI T staging'''
* MRI doesn't differentiate T1 from T2
*'''T1-T2: limited to intestinal wall'''
** Good prognosis
** Rectal wall has an intact black line (outer muscle) surrounding the tumor
*'''T3: extramural growth'''
** '''T3a or T3b: ≤5 mm extramural growth'''
** '''T3c or T3d: >5 mm extramural growth'''
* '''T4'''
== N staging ==
* Important risk factor for local recurrence
'''Morphologically suspicious characteristics'''
* Round shape
* Irregular border
* Heterogeneous signal
'''Malignant node criteria'''
* Short axis diameter ≥9 mm
* Short axis diameter 5-8 mm + ≥ 2 morphologically suspicious characteristics
* Short axis diameter <5 mm + 3 morphologically suspicious characteristics
* Mucinous lymph node (of any size)
== N restaging ==
== MRI protocol ==
* High resolution
* Contrast medium is optional
* Coronal images parallel to anal canal
* Slice thickness ≤ 3 mm
== Treatment ==
{{Bottom}}
<references />
Beets-Tan RGH, Lambregts DMJ, Maas M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for clinical management of rectal cancer: Updated recommendations from the 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus meeting [published correction appears in Eur Radiol. 2018 Jan 10;:]. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(4):1465–1475. doi:10.1007/s00330-017-5026-2
[[Category:MRI]]
[[Category:Rectum]]
|author1=[[User:Rhcastilhos|Rodrigo Horstmann Castilhos]]
|author2=
}}
== T staging ==
'''Clinical T staging'''
*T1: Limited to submucosa
*T2: Invading muscularis propria
*T3: Invading pericolorectal tissues (mesorectal fat)
*T4: Invading visceral peritoneum or other organs/structures
**T4a: Penetrates to the surface of visceral peritoneum
**T4b: Directly invades or is adherent to other organs/structures
'''MRI T staging'''
* MRI doesn't differentiate T1 from T2
*'''T1-T2: limited to intestinal wall'''
** Good prognosis
** Rectal wall has an intact black line (outer muscle) surrounding the tumor
*'''T3: extramural growth'''
** '''T3a or T3b: ≤5 mm extramural growth'''
** '''T3c or T3d: >5 mm extramural growth'''
* '''T4'''
== N staging ==
* Important risk factor for local recurrence
'''Morphologically suspicious characteristics'''
* Round shape
* Irregular border
* Heterogeneous signal
'''Malignant node criteria'''
* Short axis diameter ≥9 mm
* Short axis diameter 5-8 mm + ≥ 2 morphologically suspicious characteristics
* Short axis diameter <5 mm + 3 morphologically suspicious characteristics
* Mucinous lymph node (of any size)
== N restaging ==
== MRI protocol ==
* High resolution
* Contrast medium is optional
* Coronal images parallel to anal canal
* Slice thickness ≤ 3 mm
== Treatment ==
{{Bottom}}
<references />
Beets-Tan RGH, Lambregts DMJ, Maas M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for clinical management of rectal cancer: Updated recommendations from the 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus meeting [published correction appears in Eur Radiol. 2018 Jan 10;:]. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(4):1465–1475. doi:10.1007/s00330-017-5026-2
[[Category:MRI]]
[[Category:Rectum]]
