Administrators, Editors, Administrators
3,484
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
When No disease or other condition should be mentioned without realistic clues for reaching it. Thus, when linking to a condition from the previous level in the sequence, it must not be done by including it in a plain list of causes. Rather, it must be integrated so that it is clear ''how'' it is different from other conditions. It can be done in prose (such as at [[CT_urography#Further_evaluation_of_suspected_tumors|Evaluation of suspected bladder tumors]] where for example a lack of enhancement indicates hematoma), and/or a table such as this example of how to include [[Angiomyolipoma]] in the article [[CT of renal mass]]:
==Modality-unspecific disease or presentation articles==
Examples: [[Urolithiasis]], [[Neck trauma]]
These articles should focus on the planning of the investigation, such as by the following layout:
*'''Planning''', which assumes that there is a referral specifically asking for an investigation of the subject at hand. Recommended subsections include:
:*'''Justification''' of the investigation, such as symptoms raising the suspicion of the condition.
:*'''Choice of modality''', with preferable modalities and their main factors to consider in the choice.
:*'''How soon''' the investigation should be done.
The title should generally not be in plural.
Other aspects of the disease should generally be added at linked modality-specific articles.
Preferably, the section should be written as a template (see [[#Templates]] section below) that can be displayed in the modality-specific articles as well, such as [[Template:Neck trauma - choice of modality]], which is shown both in [[Neck trauma]] and [[CT of the neck in trauma]].
A template has the ability to show the same material in multiple pages, and edits to it show up immediately in all those pages. For example, the template {{tl|Diameters of abdominal aorta}} shows a table of the diameters of the aorta in both of these articles:
==References=={{reflistBottom}}
{{Nutshell|
*Use [[#References|references]] where available., with in-line citations
*Add your real name at the top if having [[#Authorship|made significant contributions]]
*New articles '''must''' be [[#Inter-article structure|linked from the main page]] in a sequence that a radiologist would be likely to follow.
One highly beneficial method for editing is to write while performing the task at hand for an actual case, in order to discern what content is most relevant in that situation.
==="Edit" or "Edit source"===
When clicking "Edit", you use an editor ([https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/VisualEditor VisualEditor]) that is "What You See Is What You Get". When you click "Edit source", you edit in wikitext. It is preferable that you'll get used to using wikitext, such as by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext Wikipedia help:Wikitext]. Use [[Radlines:Upload]] for file uploads rather than the Insert > Media in VisualEditor (the latter is not tailored to the project, but please leave a message at the discussion page if you have a solution).
===Recommended approach===
Just start editing, taking the style to look similar to any relatively well developed article such as [[X-ray of hip dysplasia]]. If you do not know the tool or wiki code for what you want to do, just do something that makes it look as similar as possible, such as:
*Headers using UPPER CASE LETTERS
*Reference numbering using brackets, such as [1] in the text, and simply drop the PMID, DOI or web address of the source at the bottom (accurate formatting can be fixed later).
==User page==
When editing under one's real name, it is also acceptable to use a hospital as a reference for local practices, as for example in [[X-ray of knee prosthesis#Reporting]].
Use only in-line referencing,<ref group="notes">Never just add a citation at the bottom of the article, even if it reflects all current content, since verification will be extremely difficult following future content additions</ref> using the "Cite" tab in [[#"Edit" or "Edit source"|"Edit" mode]], and <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki></ref></nowiki></code> in [[#"Edit" or "Edit source"|"Edit source" mode]] (see [[Wikipedia:Help:Footnotes#Footnotes:_the_basics|Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for additional help). With a known doi code for the reference, [https://reftag.appspot.com/doiweb.py the {T} DOI reference generator] can quickly generate the full citation. Likewise, [http://sumsearch.org/cite/ the Biomedical citation maker] can be used to generate full citations from PMID or PMCID.
==Geographic origin==
===Coding===
In wiki code, it is recommended to add references by within <nowiki><ref> and </ref></nowiki> tags, in addition to adding the {{tl|Top}} and {{tl|Bottom}} templates to their respective places. Such <nowiki><ref></nowiki> tags can be automatically generated from the doi codesat this site:*[https://reftag.appspot.com/doiweb.py {T} DOI Wikipedia reference generator]*Likewise, PMID or PMCID of articles can be used at this site:
*[http://sumsearch.org/cite/ http://sumsearch.org/cite/]
For example, entering 10.1038/438900a at that the former page yields the following text:
*<nowiki><ref name="pmid16355180">{{cite journal| author=Giles J| title=Internet encyclopaedias go head to head. | journal=Nature | year= 2005 | volume= 438 | issue= 7070 | pages= 900-1 | pmid=16355180 | doi=10.1038/438900a | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16355180 }} </ref></nowiki>
When inserted in an article, it gives the following at the bottom:
The creator of a new article must link the article back through a likely sequence that a radiologist would find that condition when seeing it. Articles lacking an unbroken connection to the main page should be tagged with {{Template|Orphan}}, and should be either connected to a sequence or deleted (if the author has been notified of this intention but hasn't made amendments in over two weeks).
Structuring into these levels require more extensive work for more systemic diseases. [[Arthritis]], for example, must be added included in the articles of multiple joints. It is the responsibility of the creator of such a disease article to add it to all locations where it is well known to be relevant. It may therefore be more simple to start with for example [[X-ray of arthritis of the hand]], which only needs linking from [[X-ray of the hand]].
An author wanting to upload a case must therefore make sure that there is at least a short article about the condition in general, for example a general article about [[angiomyolipoma]] (or CT or other specified modality of angiomyolipoma) when wanting to upload images of an unusual presentation of it.
[[File:No lists of causes.png|thumb|180px]]
[[File:Causes of hip pain.jpg|thumb|Potential causes seen on [[X-ray of hip pain]].]]
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Causes of renal mass: CT findings<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radiologyassistant.nl/en/p571eea20ec282/kidney-solid-masses.html|title=Kidney - Solid masses|website={{RA}}|author=Rinze Reinhard, Mandy van der Zon-Conijn and Robin Smithuis|accessdate=2018-05-26}}</ref>
At least the most common causes should be mentioned in such differentials.
If there is no radiologic appearance that distinguishes the condition from one or more other conditions, then another type of distinctive feature needs to be mentioned, such as a specific clinical symptom, or epidemiology including incidence or prevalence. Images of the conditions are sufficient when the difference is visually obvious.<ref group="notes">Without the rule of no lists of causes, such lists in similar wiki projects such as Radiopaedia tend to develop into excessively long lists, which are not useful at all.</ref>
Exemptions to the rule of no lists of causes:
*[[#Modality+Location articles|Modality+location articles (see below)]] may contain a "Diseases" or "Objectives" section with a list of the most common ones.[[#Modality+Location articles|See below for requirements.]]
*If the article as a whole clearly conveys unique characteristics for each listed condition.
*The list has a description that radiologists generally do not need to distinguish between the conditions, and why that is the case. Reasons include that the conditions are rare or insignificant so that radiologists generally do not need to screen for them unless specifically asked by the referring clinician.
:*'''"Normal" findings in chronic conditions''', which are generally not used in the diagnosis of that condition. This includes expected findings in congenital conditions whose diagnosis is generally made clinically or genetically close to birth, thereby allowing radiologists to determine if a finding is part of their known condition or because of a new disease or disorder.
*'''Basic screening''', which should generally be done regardless of the issue raised by the referral
*'''Diseases and conditions''' or '''Objectives''': :*For any entry that does not yet have its own article, which should cover preferably only list it if you intend to write that article yourself in a near future.:*Only include entries that are common or meaningful radiologic referral reasons. For example, [[CT of lung nodules]] is listed in [[CT of the most common onesthorax]], and not for example "CT of adenocarcinoma" because it is not a CT diagnosis.
:*Initially, conditions may be included in the article if being short, such as [[CT of the thorax#Lymphadenopathy]]. They should, however, preferably be expanded to own articles that are linked from the Modality+Location article as described in the [[#Inter-article structure]] section above.
:*[[#Templates|Templates (see below)]] can be used to include conditions both in the overall location article as well as the Modality+Location articles, such as {{tl|Diseases and conditions associated with CT and MRI of the head}} being included in [[Head]] and [[MRI of the head]] (while [[CT of the head]] has developed a more detailed list).
:As the list becomes larger, with over 5-10 entries, only the most common or otherwise significant ones should remain in the article, and the rest be moved to anatomic sub-regions or be linked from a separate category page.
*'''Techniques''', with subtypes of the topic at hand, such as [[CT of the thorax]] having a section on CT [[angiography]] of the region.
*'''Report''', containing at least a report on a basic screening of the investigation at handin a normal case. It is recommended to also insert the [[#Templates|template]] {{tl|Reporting}} in the section, preferably at the bottom of it but possibly also below the section header in order to . This inserts a link to general notes about reporting. It does ''not'' need Any example report can be followed by the template {{tl|Public Domain example}} to allow for copying in clinical practice without needing to mention "additional findings upon image evaluation" or similarattribute the article author, such as seen in [[Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis#General screening]].
==Modality-unspecific disease or presentation articles==Examples: [[Urolithiasis]], [[Neck trauma]] These articles should focus on the planning of the investigation, such as by the following layout:*'''Planning''', which assumes that there is a referral specifically asking for an investigation of the subject at hand. Recommended subsections include::*'''Justification''' of the investigation, such as symptoms raising the suspicion of the condition.:*'''Choice of modality''', with preferable modalities and their main factors to consider in the choice.:*'''How soon''' the investigation should be done. The title should generally not be in plural. Other aspects of the disease should generally be added at linked modality-specific articles. Preferably, the section should be written as a template (see [[#Templates]] section below) that can be displayed in the modality-specific articles as well, such as [[Template:Neck trauma - choice of modality]], which is shown both in [[Neck trauma]] and [[CT of the neck in trauma]]. ==Modality-specific disease or presentation articles==
Example: [[X-ray of distal radius fracture]]
*'''Introduction''', including a definition of the condition, and/or links to parent articles where available. For example, the introduction in the article ''[[X-ray of hip prostheses]]'' can start as ''"For '''[[X-ray of the hip joint]]''' in the presence of a prosthesis..."''.
*'''Planning'''. Possible content includes:
:*'''Choice of modality''', discussing alternative describing when to use available modalities(and not just ''"modalities may include:"'' or similar). This subsection should be written as a template (see [[#Templates]] section below) that can be displayed in modality-unspecific articles as well, such as [[Template:Neck trauma - choice of modality]], which is shown both in [[Neck trauma]] and [[CT of the neck in trauma]]. Include the "Choice of modality" header in the template. Thereby, these templates are editable by clicking the ''edit'' button by that header.
:*'''How soon''' the investigation should be done
:*What '''settings''' or '''sequences''' of for example MRI or CT are recommended
:It is also recommended to link to general screening in CT and MRI for the location at hand, such as [[CT in dementia]] linking to [[CT_of_the_head#Basic_screening|Basic screening of head CT]].
:*'''Further evaluation''', with important concomitant findings when the disease is known, such as staging of cancers.
*'''Report''', preferably including at least one example of a report with typical findings of a disease ([[X-ray of knee prosthesis#Report|Example]]), as well as one report including the most important absences of findings when the disease is important to rule out. It is recommended to also insert the [[#Templates|template]] {{tl|Reporting}} in the section, preferably at the bottom of it but possibly also below the section header in order to . This inserts a link to general notes about reporting. Different levels of comprehensiveness is preferable, such as at [[X-ray of hip prostheses#Report]]. Any example report can be followed by the template {{tl|Public Domain example}} to allow for copying in clinical practice without needing to attribute the article author.
Disease articles can have a short introduction with one or two sentences about pathophysiology, and likewise for symptoms, prognosis and general treatment. Otherwise, these aspects should only be included where relevant in the radiologic differential diagnosis. These aspects are not necessary if the differential diagnosis can be made by visible radiologic findings alone.
==Cases==
*Templating, as described in the [[#Templates]] section below. For this purpose, the steps include:
**Giving the template a title, for example: ''26 year old woman with ectopic pregnancy, description''
**Write the case description on the template page. On the template page, tt it is also recommended to list all images that belong to the case.
**Press save, and implement the template in each related image.
==Templates==
A template has the ability to show the same material in multiple pages, and edits to it show up immediately in all those pages.
===Indications===
{|class="wikitable" align="right"
| This table appears in multiple articles
| {{Diameters of abdominal aorta}}
|}
*[[CT of abdominal aneurysm]]
*[[Ultrasonography of abdominal aneurysm]]
This avoids contradictions and missed locations when the data needs to be updated.
Templates can be used for data tables, like the example, that are applicable to multiple articles. They can also be used for case descriptions on each related image page as described in the [[#Cases|Cases section]] above. However, they should not be used for article prose, whose optimal wording often depends on the context of the article. Common templates include:*"Choice of modality" sections as described in [[#Modality-specific disease or presentation articles]] above.*Links to more general information on a topic, such as the {{tl|Reporting}} template which should be added at the end of each such section, or {{tl|X-ray of fractures}} which may be added at the evaluation section of each such article.
===Creation===
''Technical description of templates in MediaWiki: [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Templates MediaWiki: Help: Templates]
==Variations of English==Radlines articles may be written in ''American English'' (such as tumor) or ''British English'' (such as tumo'''u'''r). Keep a consistent format within each article; If an article is started in ''American English'', make any additions in ''American English'' as well. ==Talk pages==Talk pages of each article is found by clicking the "Discussion" tab above. Use the "Edit source" or "Add topic" to make additional entries. Add <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> at the end, which will add your username and timestamp. The "Add a comment" functionality is reserved for readers who do not have Editor permission. ===Introducing new editors===New editors can be welcomed by adding something similar to the following , or similar, on their talk pages(which can be found by entering "User talk:" followed by the username in the search bar):
*Welcome to Radlines! I have received your submitted form, and I have now added you as an editor of Radlines. You will find more information on how to contribute at [[Radlines:Contribute]]. (If the new editor has approved this in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqCj6TIIx8AuMiWthPWuohwxPoIVz7j0BUAIWQbrq-dT_Kqw/viewform the form]:) I have also added you at [[Radlines:About#Editors]]. You are welcome to add more details about yourself there, as well as at your user page (see [[Radlines:Editorial guidelines#User_page]]). Again, welcome! (Signature)
In source code editing, the above may be added by copy-pasting the following text:
*<code><nowiki>Welcome to Radlines! I have received your submitted form, and I have now added you as an editor of Radlines. You will find more information on how to contribute at [[Radlines:Contribute]]. (If the new editor has approved this in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqCj6TIIx8AuMiWthPWuohwxPoIVz7j0BUAIWQbrq-dT_Kqw/viewform the form]:) I have also added you at [[Radlines:About#Editors]]. You are welcome to add more details about yourself there, as well as at your user page (see [[Radlines:Editorial guidelines#User_page]]). Feel free to ask me if you have any further questions. Again, welcome! ~~~~</nowiki></code>
==See also==
*[[Radlines:About]]
*[[Radlines:Copyright]]
