Changes

For the rest of the investigations, evidence suggests that contrast doses should be limited to a ratio of grams of iodine to glomerular filtration rate (I_gram / GFR_ml/min) of a maximum of 1g/(ml/min).<ref name="KeaneyHannon2013">{{cite journal|last1=Keaney|first1=J. J.|last2=Hannon|first2=C. M.|last3=Murray|first3=P. T.|title=Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: how much contrast is safe?|journal=Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation|volume=28|issue=6|year=2013|pages=1376–1383|issn=0931-0509|doi=10.1093/ndt/gfs602}}</ref> A Swedish practice is According to have a I_gram/GFR European guidelines, the ratio of maximum 0should be less than 1.7 in patients with GFR ≥45 1 g/(ml/min) for intra-arterial contrast medium administration with first-pass renal exposure (not passing lungs or peripheral tissue before reaching the kidneys).<ref name=NU"NymanAhlkvist2018">{{NU Hospital Groupcite journal|last1=Nyman|first1=Ulf|last2=Ahlkvist|first2=Joanna|last3=Aspelin|first3=Peter|last4=Brismar|first4=Torkel|last5=Frid|first5=Anders|last6=Hellström|first6=Mikael|last7=Liss|first7=Per|last8=Sterner|first8=Gunnar|last9=Leander|first9=Peter|title=Preventing contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury|journal=European Radiology|year=2018|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/s00330-018-5678-6}}</ref> It recommends Swedish guidelines are more restrictive, recommending a ratio of maximum less than 0.5 if GFR is lower, or g/(ml/min) in the presence of patients with risk factorsand irrespective of route of administration, and even more caution in first-pass renal exposure.<ref name=NU"NymanAhlkvist2018"/>