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Moved from Ultrasonography of the urinary system
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|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
|author2=Authors of Creative Commons article<ref name=Hansen2015>Content initially copied from: {{cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=Kristoffer|last2=Nielsen|first2=Michael|last3=Ewertsen|first3=Caroline|title=Ultrasonography of the Kidney: A Pictorial Review|journal=Diagnostics|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=2|issn=2075-4418|doi=10.3390/diagnostics6010002}} [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (CC-BY 4.0)]</ref>
}}
==Planning==
{{Kidney stone disease - need and choice of modality}}
==Evaluation==
[[File:Ultrasonography of renal stone located at the pyeloureteric junction.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Renal stone located at the pyeloureteric junction with accompanying hydronephrosis.<ref name="Hansen2015" />]]
With US, larger stones (>5–7 mm) within the kidney, i.e., in the calyces, the pelvis and the pyeloureteric junction, can be differentiated, especially in the cases with accompanying hydronephrosis (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Hyperechoic stones are seen with accompanying posterior shadowing. Additional twinkling artifacts below the stone can often be seen using Doppler US. Large stones filling the entire collecting system are called coral stones or staghorn calculi and are easily visualized with US (Figure 3). Stones in the ureters are usually not visualized with US due to the air-filled intestines obscuring the insonation window. However, ureteral stones near the ostium can be visualized with a scan position over the bladder. An exam of the ureteric orifices and the excretion of urine to the bladder can be performed by inspecting the ureteric jets in the bladder with color Doppler US (Figure 4.).
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Ultrasonography of centrally-located stone with posterior shadowing.jpg|Figure 2. Centrally-located stone with posterior shadowing. No hydronephrosis is present. Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by ‘+’ and a dashed line.<ref name=Hansen2015/>
File:Ultrasonography of staghorn calculi filling the entire collecting system.jpg|Figure 3. Staghorn calculi filling the entire collecting system and creating pronounced shadowing.<ref name=Hansen2015/>
File:Ultrasonography of left hydroureter with ureteric jet.jpg|Figure 4. Left hydroureter with ureteric jet. No stone is visible. The red color in the color box represents motion towards the transducer as defined by the color bar.<ref name=Hansen2015/>
</gallery>
==Report==
*Presence or absence of hydronephrosis.
*Location and size of any stones. The absence of visible stones is not necessary to report, since the high risk of missing them may result in a false reassurance.
{{Bottom}}
|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
|author2=Authors of Creative Commons article<ref name=Hansen2015>Content initially copied from: {{cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=Kristoffer|last2=Nielsen|first2=Michael|last3=Ewertsen|first3=Caroline|title=Ultrasonography of the Kidney: A Pictorial Review|journal=Diagnostics|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=2|issn=2075-4418|doi=10.3390/diagnostics6010002}} [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (CC-BY 4.0)]</ref>
}}
==Planning==
{{Kidney stone disease - need and choice of modality}}
==Evaluation==
[[File:Ultrasonography of renal stone located at the pyeloureteric junction.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Renal stone located at the pyeloureteric junction with accompanying hydronephrosis.<ref name="Hansen2015" />]]
With US, larger stones (>5–7 mm) within the kidney, i.e., in the calyces, the pelvis and the pyeloureteric junction, can be differentiated, especially in the cases with accompanying hydronephrosis (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Hyperechoic stones are seen with accompanying posterior shadowing. Additional twinkling artifacts below the stone can often be seen using Doppler US. Large stones filling the entire collecting system are called coral stones or staghorn calculi and are easily visualized with US (Figure 3). Stones in the ureters are usually not visualized with US due to the air-filled intestines obscuring the insonation window. However, ureteral stones near the ostium can be visualized with a scan position over the bladder. An exam of the ureteric orifices and the excretion of urine to the bladder can be performed by inspecting the ureteric jets in the bladder with color Doppler US (Figure 4.).
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Ultrasonography of centrally-located stone with posterior shadowing.jpg|Figure 2. Centrally-located stone with posterior shadowing. No hydronephrosis is present. Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by ‘+’ and a dashed line.<ref name=Hansen2015/>
File:Ultrasonography of staghorn calculi filling the entire collecting system.jpg|Figure 3. Staghorn calculi filling the entire collecting system and creating pronounced shadowing.<ref name=Hansen2015/>
File:Ultrasonography of left hydroureter with ureteric jet.jpg|Figure 4. Left hydroureter with ureteric jet. No stone is visible. The red color in the color box represents motion towards the transducer as defined by the color bar.<ref name=Hansen2015/>
</gallery>
==Report==
*Presence or absence of hydronephrosis.
*Location and size of any stones. The absence of visible stones is not necessary to report, since the high risk of missing them may result in a false reassurance.
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