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X-ray of calcaneal fractures

1,853 bytes added, 12:50, 30 May 2018
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==Planning==
Projectional radiography ("X-ray") is usually the initial modality for suspected calcaneal fracture.

==Diagnosis==
[[File:Bohler's angle (raster).jpg|thumb|Bohler's angle<ref name=Miller2015>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cctQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA562 Page 562] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193553/https://books.google.com/books?id=cctQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA562 |date=2017-11-05 }} in: {{cite book|title=Miller's Review of Orthopaedics|author=Mark D. Miller|author2=Stephen R. Thompson|edition=7th|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2015|isbn=9780323390422}}</ref>]]
[[File:Gissane.jpg|thumb|Gissane's angle]]

On lateral radiographs:
*The Angle of Gissane, also called "Critical Angle", is the angle formed by the downward and upward slopes of the calcaneal superior surface. An angle of Gissane of more than 130° suggests a fracture of the posterior subtalar joint surface.

Bohler's angle, or the "Tuber Angle" is formed by the intersection of
*A line from the highest point of the posterior articular facet to the highest point of the posterior tuberosity.
*A line tangential to the superior edge of the tuberosity.<ref name=Miller2015/>
Bohler's angle is normally 25° to 40°.<ref name=Miller2015/> A decreased angle is indicative of a calcaneal fracture.

==Further evaluation==
A [[CT scan of calcaneal fracture]] is currently the imaging study of choice for evaluating calcaneal injury.<<ref name=pmid21257934>{{cite journal |last1=Badillo |first1=Kenneth |last2=Pacheco |first2=Jose A. |last3=Padua |first3=Samuel O. |last4=Gomez |first4=Angel A. |last5=Colon |first5=Edgar |last6=Vidal |first6=Jorge A. |title=Multidetector CT Evaluation of Calcaneal Fractures |journal=RadioGraphics |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |year=2011 |pmid=21257934 |doi=10.1148/rg.311105036 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
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