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Projectional radiography ("X-ray") with peroral intake of barium can determine whether a bowel obstruction is partial or incomplete, and may give clues to the cause.<ref name="pmid12131079">{{cite journal| author=Thompson JS| title=Contrast radiography and intestinal obstruction. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 2002 | volume= 236 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-8 | pmid=12131079 | doi= | pmc=1422542 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12131079 }} </ref>
==Planning==
;Indication:
After a [[CT in abdominal pain]] indicates bowel obstruction, but otherwise inconclusive.<ref name="pmid12131079"/>
;Endpoint and chronology
Imaging is generally made until the contrast reaches the large colon (if small bowel obstruction is suspected). The first image may be taken at 2 hours after peroral contrast intake. If contrast hasn't reached the large intestine already, the frequency of further imaging depends on the progress, but the following repeat images are often made after 4-8 and then 6-10 hours.
==Evaluation==
;Distension:
On abdominal X-rays, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3 cm.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=[[Medscape]]|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref> This number accounts for an expected geometric magnification in radiography, where the projection on the detector becomes larger than the actual organ.
==Report==
Should include:
*Time since intake of contrast.
*Any distension of the intestines.
*The most distal part reached by the contrast.
There also needs to be a decision when any repeat image is taken.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Planning==
;Indication:
After a [[CT in abdominal pain]] indicates bowel obstruction, but otherwise inconclusive.<ref name="pmid12131079"/>
;Endpoint and chronology
Imaging is generally made until the contrast reaches the large colon (if small bowel obstruction is suspected). The first image may be taken at 2 hours after peroral contrast intake. If contrast hasn't reached the large intestine already, the frequency of further imaging depends on the progress, but the following repeat images are often made after 4-8 and then 6-10 hours.
==Evaluation==
;Distension:
On abdominal X-rays, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3 cm.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=[[Medscape]]|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref> This number accounts for an expected geometric magnification in radiography, where the projection on the detector becomes larger than the actual organ.
==Report==
Should include:
*Time since intake of contrast.
*Any distension of the intestines.
*The most distal part reached by the contrast.
There also needs to be a decision when any repeat image is taken.
==References==
{{reflist}}
