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Barium swallow X-ray in bowel obstruction

1,838 bytes added, 17:32, 27 June 2018
==Evaluation==
;Distension:
On abdominal X-rays, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3&nbsp;cm.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=[[Medscape]]|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref> This number accounts for an expected [[geometric magnification ]] in radiography, where the projection on the detector becomes larger than the actual organ, with a factor that may be between 1.05 and 1.40.<ref>Estimated from radiographs of the chest and lumbar vertebral colon: {{cite web|title=Implementation of unsharpness and noise into the model of the imaging system: Applications to chest and lumbar spine screen-film radiography|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:327957/FULLTEXT01.pdf|author=M Sandborg, D R Dance, and G Alm Carlsson|website=Faculty of Health Sciences, [[Linköping University]]}} Report 90. Jan. 1999.ISRN: LIU-RAD-R-090</ref>
Grading:{|class="wikitable" align="right"https:|+ Distension on CT<ref name="KuangZhao2016">{{cite journal|last1=Kuang|first1=Lian-qin|last2=Zhao|first2=Da-wei|last3=Cheng|first3=Cheng|last4=Wang|first4=Yi|title=Prediction of Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Bezoars Using Risk Factor Categories on Multidetector Computed Tomographic Findings|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2016|year=2016|pages=1–9|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2016/6569103}}</wwwref><ref name="JacobsRozenblit2007">{{cite journal|last1=Jacobs|first1=S.L.|last2=Rozenblit|first2=A.|last3=Ricci|first3=Z.ncbi|last4=Roberts|first4=J.nlm|last5=Milikow|first5=D.nih|last6=Chernyak|first6=V.gov|last7=Wolf|first7=E.|title=Small bowel faeces sign in patients without small bowel obstruction|journal=Clinical Radiology|volume=62|issue=4|year=2007|pages=353–357|issn=00099260|doi=10.1016/pubmedj.crad.2006.11.007}}</17331829ref>https| Mild || 2.5–2.9 cm|-| Moderate || 3-4 cm|-| Severe || >4 cm|} The exact geometric magnification of X-rays is not known, however, leaving mainly two options://www*Reporting a "roughly estimated" diameter by dividing the measured intestinal diameter in the image and dividing it by a rather arbitrary factor of 1.2.*Reporting a qualitative diameter of the intestine, which may be on a mild-moderate-severe scale.hindawiHowever, the measured diameter still needs to be adjusted for geometric magnification in order to be compared to numbers in the table at right.com/journals/bmri/2016/6569103/
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