Difference between revisions of "CT of the thorax"

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|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
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==Normal anatomy==
 
==Normal anatomy==
[[File:High-resolution computed tomographs of a normal thorax (thumbnail).jpg|thumb|link=HRCT of a normal thorax|High-resolution computed tomographs of a normal thorax, taken in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. {{noprint|[[HRCT of a normal thorax|Click here to scroll through the image stacks.]]}}]]
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[[File:High-resolution computed tomographs of a normal thorax (thumbnail).jpg|thumb|center|link=Commons:Scrollable high-resolution computed tomography images of a normal thorax|High-resolution computed tomographs of a normal thorax, taken in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. {{noprint|[[Commons:Scrollable high-resolution computed tomography images of a normal thorax|Click here to scroll through the image stacks.]]}}]]
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==Regions==
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<gallery>
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File:CT of the heart.jpg|link=CT of the heart|[[CT of the heart|CT of the '''heart''']]
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</gallery>
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==Angiography==
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[[CT angiography]] of the thorax is a [[contrast CT]] exam, tailored to the proper [[contrast phase]] depending on the level of the suspected condition by the referring clinician:
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*Veins from contrast infusion
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:*[[CT of superior vena cava syndrome|CT of '''superior vena cava syndrome''']]
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*Pulmonary veins
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:*[[CT of pulmonary embolism|CT of '''pulmonary embolism''']]
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==Basic screening==
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*'''Lung parenchyma''': Scan for opacities, preferably at a [[maximum intensity projection]] of about 8 mm in order to detect any lung nodules (if found, see '''[[CT of lung nodules]]''').<ref name="KawelSeifert2009">{{cite journal|last1=Kawel|first1=Nadine|last2=Seifert|first2=Burkhardt|last3=Luetolf|first3=Marcus|last4=Boehm|first4=Thomas|title=Effect of Slab Thickness on the CT Detection of Pulmonary Nodules: Use of Sliding Thin-Slab Maximum Intensity Projection and Volume Rendering|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=192|issue=5|year=2009|pages=1324–1329|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1689}}</ref>
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*'''Pleura''', for any fluid in the dorsal parts
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*'''Skeleton''': Any signs of damage.
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*'''Lymph''' nodes in mediastinal, hilar and axial areas. ''If possibly enlarged, see '''[[CT of thoracic lymphadenopathy]]'''
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*Visible '''abdominal''' volumes for any expansions or focal changes in the liver, adrenals or spleen.
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===Report===
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Even absence of:
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*Opacities in the lung parenchyma.
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*Pleural fluid.
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{{Reporting}}
  
 
==Diseases==
 
==Diseases==
*[[CT of pulmonary embolism]]
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;Lungs
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*[[CT of lung nodules|CT of '''lung nodules''']]
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;Vascular
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*[[CT of pulmonary embolism|CT of '''pulmonary embolism''']]
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*[[CT of superior vena cava syndrome|CT of '''superior vena cava syndrome''']]
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;Lymph nodes
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*[[CT of thoracic lymphadenopathy|CT of thoracic '''lymphadenopathy''']]
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===Pulmonary hypertension===
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The presence of a dilated main pulmonary artery of 29 mm or more in combination with an artery–to-bronchus diameter ratio of 1:1 or more at segmental level in three or four lobes, confers a specificity of 100% for the presence of pulmonary hypertension.<ref name="PeñaDennie2012">{{cite journal|last1=Peña|first1=Elena|last2=Dennie|first2=Carole|last3=Veinot|first3=John|last4=Muñiz|first4=Susana Hernández|title=Pulmonary Hypertension: How the Radiologist Can Help|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=32|issue=1|year=2012|pages=9–32|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.321105232}}</ref>
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{{Bottom}}

Latest revision as of 09:06, 17 September 2019

Author: Mikael Häggström [notes 1]

Normal anatomy

High-resolution computed tomographs of a normal thorax, taken in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes, respectively.

Regions

Angiography

CT angiography of the thorax is a contrast CT exam, tailored to the proper contrast phase depending on the level of the suspected condition by the referring clinician:

  • Veins from contrast infusion
  • Pulmonary veins

Basic screening

  • Lung parenchyma: Scan for opacities, preferably at a maximum intensity projection of about 8 mm in order to detect any lung nodules (if found, see CT of lung nodules).[1]
  • Pleura, for any fluid in the dorsal parts
  • Skeleton: Any signs of damage.
  • Lymph nodes in mediastinal, hilar and axial areas. If possibly enlarged, see CT of thoracic lymphadenopathy
  • Visible abdominal volumes for any expansions or focal changes in the liver, adrenals or spleen.

Report

Even absence of:

  • Opacities in the lung parenchyma.
  • Pleural fluid.
See also: General notes on reporting

Diseases

Lungs
Vascular
Lymph nodes

Pulmonary hypertension

The presence of a dilated main pulmonary artery of 29 mm or more in combination with an artery–to-bronchus diameter ratio of 1:1 or more at segmental level in three or four lobes, confers a specificity of 100% for the presence of pulmonary hypertension.[2]

Notes

  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Radlines:Authorship for details.

References

  1. Kawel, Nadine; Seifert, Burkhardt; Luetolf, Marcus; Boehm, Thomas (2009). "Effect of Slab Thickness on the CT Detection of Pulmonary Nodules: Use of Sliding Thin-Slab Maximum Intensity Projection and Volume Rendering ". American Journal of Roentgenology 192 (5): 1324–1329. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1689. ISSN 0361-803X. 
  2. Peña, Elena; Dennie, Carole; Veinot, John; Muñiz, Susana Hernández (2012). "Pulmonary Hypertension: How the Radiologist Can Help ". RadioGraphics 32 (1): 9–32. doi:10.1148/rg.321105232. ISSN 0271-5333.