Difference between revisions of "Trauma"

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|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
 
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==Choice of modality==
 
==Choice of modality==
 
===Severe trauma===
 
===Severe trauma===
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*Generally '''[[whole-body CT]]''' according to UK guidelines.<ref name="Artigas MartínMartí de Gracia2015">{{cite journal|last1=Artigas Martín|first1=J.M.|last2=Martí de Gracia|first2=M.|last3=Claraco Vega|first3=L.M.|last4=Parrilla Herranz|first4=P.|title=Radiology and imaging techniques in severe trauma|journal=Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)|volume=39|issue=1|year=2015|pages=49–59|issn=21735727|doi=10.1016/j.medine.2014.06.003}}</ref> Swedish guidelines recommend [[CT of the head in trauma|trauma CTs of the head]], [[CT of the neck in trauma|neck]], [[CT of the chest in trauma|chest]] and [[CT of the abdomen in trauma|abdomen]], as well as, if indicated, complementary [[X-ray in trauma|trauma X-rays]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alfresco.vgregion.se/alfresco/service/vgr/storage/node/content/21561/DTs%20Multitrauma%20rutiner.pdf?a=false&guest=true|title=DTs Multitrauma rutiner|website=Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg|author=Helén Milde, John Brandberg|date=2018-12-19}}</ref>
 
*Generally '''[[whole-body CT]]''' according to UK guidelines.<ref name="Artigas MartínMartí de Gracia2015">{{cite journal|last1=Artigas Martín|first1=J.M.|last2=Martí de Gracia|first2=M.|last3=Claraco Vega|first3=L.M.|last4=Parrilla Herranz|first4=P.|title=Radiology and imaging techniques in severe trauma|journal=Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)|volume=39|issue=1|year=2015|pages=49–59|issn=21735727|doi=10.1016/j.medine.2014.06.003}}</ref> Swedish guidelines recommend [[CT of the head in trauma|trauma CTs of the head]], [[CT of the neck in trauma|neck]], [[CT of the chest in trauma|chest]] and [[CT of the abdomen in trauma|abdomen]], as well as, if indicated, complementary [[X-ray in trauma|trauma X-rays]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alfresco.vgregion.se/alfresco/service/vgr/storage/node/content/21561/DTs%20Multitrauma%20rutiner.pdf?a=false&guest=true|title=DTs Multitrauma rutiner|website=Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg|author=Helén Milde, John Brandberg|date=2018-12-19}}</ref>
*If CT is not readily available, '''[[X-ray in trauma]]''' (including at least '''[[X-ray of the thorax]]''' and '''[[X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis]]''') and '''[[FAST scan]]'''.<ref name="Artigas MartínMartí de Gracia2015"/>
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*If CT is not readily available, '''[[X-ray in trauma]]''' (including at least '''[[X-ray of the thorax]]''' and '''[[X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis]]''') and '''[[FAST scan]]'''.<ref name="Artigas MartínMartí de Gracia2015" />
  
 
{{Head trauma - choice of modality}}
 
{{Head trauma - choice of modality}}
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==Major targets==
 
==Major targets==
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*[[Fractures]]
 
*[[Fractures]]
  
 
==By modality==
 
==By modality==
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*[[CT in trauma]]
 
*[[CT in trauma]]
  
 
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<references />

Revision as of 16:44, 12 July 2019

Author: Mikael Häggström [notes 1]

Sudden physical injury:

Choice of modality

Severe trauma

Head

CT of the head in trauma, without IV contrast, is the first choice of investigation.

Neck (cervical spine)

Recommendations differ somewhat between children and adults:

  • In children, CT of the neck in trauma is indicated in more severe cases such as neurologic deficits, whereas X-ray of the cervical spine is preferable in milder cases, by both US[3] and UK[4] guidelines. Swedish guidelines recommend CT rather than X-ray in all children over the age of 5.[5] It is thus reasonable to indicate CT by a combination of higher severity and older age.
  • In adults, UK guidelines are largely similar as in children.[4] US guidelines, on the other hand, recommend CT of the neck in trauma in all cases where medical imaging is indicated, and that X-ray of the cervical spine is only acceptable where CT is not readily available.[6]

Chest

In blunt chest trauma, US guidelines mainly recommend the following two as complementary examinations:[7]

Abdomen and pelvis

According to US guidelines:[8]

Lumbar spine

  • Suspicion of a vertebral compression fracture alone, such as in an elderly patient with typical symptoms.
  • Low clinical suspicion of a fracture, according to US guidelines,[9] but low dose CT is still arguably superior if the local department has a low dose protocol (with up to only slightly larger radiation dose than X-ray).[10]
  • In children, according to Australian guidelines,[11] but again, low dose CT is arguably superior if there is a local low dose protocol.[10]
  • As a follow-up of fractures, since it is almost always enough to check for change in position.[notes 2]

Extremities

X-ray of fractures is generally the initial choice.

Major targets

By modality

Notes

  1. For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Radlines:Authorship for details.
  2. NU Hospital Group, Sweden

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Artigas Martín, J.M.; Martí de Gracia, M.; Claraco Vega, L.M.; Parrilla Herranz, P. (2015). "Radiology and imaging techniques in severe trauma ". Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) 39 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.medine.2014.06.003. ISSN 21735727. 
  2. Helén Milde, John Brandberg (2018-12-19). DTs Multitrauma rutiner. Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.
  3. Julie C Leonard (2018-02-12). Evaluation and acute management of cervical spine injuries in children and adolescents. UpToDate.
  4. 4.0 4.1 . Head injury: assessment and early management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2014). Updated in June 2017
  5. . Traumamanual. Region Skåne. Last updated: 2018-03-29
  6. Amy Kaji, Robert S Hockberger (2018-05-24). Evaluation and acute management of cervical spinal column injuries in adults.
  7. . Blunt Chest Trauma, ACR Appropriateness Criteria. American College of Radiology. Date of origin: 2013
  8. . Blunt Abdominal Trauma, ACR Appropriateness Criteria. American College of Radiology. Last review date: 2012
  9. USA:. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. American College of Radiology. Last review date: 2012
  10. 10.0 10.1 Alshamari, Muhammed; Geijer, Mats; Norrman, Eva; Lidén, Mats; Krauss, Wolfgang; Wilamowski, Franciszek; Geijer, Håkan (2015). "Low dose CT of the lumbar spine compared with radiography: a study on image quality with implications for clinical practice ". Acta Radiologica 57 (5): 602–611. doi:10.1177/0284185115595667. ISSN 0284-1851. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 Australia:. Radiology - Acute indications. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Retrieved on 2018-12-14.