}}
==Magnification==
In '''projectional radiography ("X-ray") of the thorax'''(chest), the estimated [[geometric magnification]] factor is generally between 1.05 and 1.40,<ref>{{cite web|title=Implementation of unsharpness and noise into the model of the imaging system: Applications to chest and lumbar spine screen-film radiography|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:327957/FULLTEXT01.pdf|author=M Sandborg, D R Dance, and G Alm Carlsson|website=Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University}} Report 90. Jan. 1999. ISRN: LIU-RAD-R-090</ref> meaning that measurements made in the image will be this much larger than the real distance in the patient.
==Normal anatomy==