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→When it matters: +Calculation
According to European guidelines, the main risk factors of ''contrast-induced nephropathy'':<ref name="NymanAhlkvist2018">{{cite journal|last1=Nyman|first1=Ulf|last2=Ahlkvist|first2=Joanna|last3=Aspelin|first3=Peter|last4=Brismar|first4=Torkel|last5=Frid|first5=Anders|last6=Hellström|first6=Mikael|last7=Liss|first7=Per|last8=Sterner|first8=Gunnar|last9=Leander|first9=Peter|title=Preventing contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury|journal=European Radiology|year=2018|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/s00330-018-5678-6}}</ref>
*Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than '''30 ml/min'''/1.73 m2 before intra-venous or intra-arterial radiocontrast administration with second-pass renal exposure (passing lungs or other tissues before the kidneys).
:*eGFR can be calculated from creatinine level, age, sex and race ([https://ukidney.com/nephrology-resources/egfr-calculator link to calculator]), but is even more accurately given by the addition of height, weight, stability of creatinine as well as any amputations ([https://clincalc.com/Kinetics/CrCl.aspx link to calculator].
:*eGFR is preferably calculated by ''cystatin C'' rather than creatinine in patients with abnormal muscle mass or cirrhosis.<ref name="NymanAhlkvist2018"/>
*eGFR of less than 45 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> before intra-arterial administration with first-pass renal exposure or in ICU patients
*Known or suspected acute renal failure
