Changes

Varus or valgus deformity, if suspected, can be measured with the frontal tibiotalar surface angle (TTS), formed by the mid-longitudinal tibial axis (such as through a line bisecting the tibia at 8 and 13 cm above the tibial plafond) and the talar surface.<ref name=Nosewicz2012>{{cite journal|last1=Nosewicz|first1=Tomasz L.|last2=Knupp|first2=Markus|last3=Bolliger|first3=Lilianna|last4=Hintermann|first4=Beat|title=The reliability and validity of radiographic measurements for determining the three-dimensional position of the talus in varus and valgus osteoarthritic ankles|journal=Skeletal Radiology|volume=41|issue=12|year=2012|pages=1567–1573|issn=0364-2348|doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1421-6}}</ref> An angle of less than 84 degrees is regarded as talipes varus, and an angle of more than 94 degrees is regarded as talipes valgus.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/28148791/Chapter_5.pdf Chapter 5 - Radiological morphology of peritalar instability in varusand valgus tilted ankles], in: {{cite book|author=T.L. Nosewicz|title=Acute and chronic aspects of hindfoot trauma|date=2018-09-25|isbn=9789463750479|publisher=University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Medicine (AMC-UvA)}}</ref>