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[[===Colon diameters===<gallery widths=250 heights=200>File:Main measuring sites of colon diameter.jpg|thumb|The diameters of different segments of the large intestine can be compared to the width of lumbar vertebra 2 for more consistent reference ranges on abdominal x-rays.<ref name=Koppen2016>{{cite journal|last1=Koppen|first1=Ilan J. N.|last2=Yacob|first2=Desale|last3=Di Lorenzo|first3=Carlo|last4=Saps|first4=Miguel|last5=Benninga|first5=Marc A.|last6=Cooper|first6=Jennifer N.|last7=Minneci|first7=Peter C.|last8=Deans|first8=Katherine J.|last9=Bates|first9=D. Gregory|last10=Thompson|first10=Benjamin P.|title=Assessing colonic anatomy normal values based on air contrast enemas in children younger than 6 years|journal=Pediatric Radiology|volume=47|issue=3|year=2016|pages=306–312|issn=0301-0449|doi=10.1007/s00247-016-3746-0|url=http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5316394;jsessionid=2F0B0FCBD478428D0B64AA24476321EE}}</ref>]][[File:Ratios of large intestinal segments compared to lumbar vertebra 2.png|thumb|Ratios of large intestinal segments compared to lumbar vertebra 2, as 75th percentile, meaning that 25% of children normally have a ratio higher than this.<ref name=Koppen2016/>]]</gallery>
[[File:Leech scoring areas.jpg|thumb|Areas used for the Leech system of constipation grading.]]
organized
==In children==
===Leech score===
[[File:Leech scoring areas.jpg|thumb|200px|Areas used for the Leech system of constipation grading.]]
For children, the degree of constipation may be scored by the ''Leech'' or the ''Barr'' systems:
*The Leech system assigns a score of 0 to 5 based on the amount of feces:<ref name="LeechMcHugh1999">{{cite journal|last1=Leech|first1=Susan C.|last2=McHugh|first2=Kieran|last3=Sullivan|first3=P. B.|title=Evaluation of a method of assessing faecal loading on plain abdominal radiographs in children|journal=Pediatric Radiology|volume=29|issue=4|year=1999|pages=255–258|issn=0301-0449|doi=10.1007/s002470050583}}</ref>
:*0: no visible feces
