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5-12 mm in length. The normal body is usually not identified discretely from the surrounding para-testicular tissues. The tail is seen near the inferior pole of testis, and measures 2-5 mm in diameter
→Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis: Align and cleanup
[[File:Scrotal ultrasonography of epididymo-orchitis.jpg|thumb|Epididymo-orchitis in a 77 year-old man. (a) Transverse sonography shows enlargement of the epididymis with hypoechogenicity noted over the testis and epididymis associated with scrotal wall thickening. (b) Color Doppler sonography showed hyperemic change of the testis and epididymis, presenting as an “inferno” vascular flow pattern.<ref name="MakTzeng2012"/>]]
{|class="wikitable" align="right"
|+Normal epididymis thickness
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| Tail || 2 - 5 mm<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sonoworld.com/CaseDetails/Acute_right_epididymitis.aspx?ModuleCategoryId=261|title=Acute right epididymitis|author=Chaitali Shah|website=Sonoworld.com|accessdate=2018-06-26}}</ref>
|}
Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are common causes of acute scrotal pain in adolescent boys and adults. The infection usually begins in the epididymal tail and spreads to the epididymal body and head. Approximately 20% to 40 % of cases are associated with orchitis due to direct spread of infection into the testis.<ref name="MakTzeng2012"/>
