Difference between revisions of "X-ray of hip fractures"
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|author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] | |author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] | ||
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Trochanteric fractures are subdivided into either intertrochanteric (between the [[greater trochanter|greater]] and [[lesser trochanter]]<ref name=Dandy2009/>) or pertrochanteric (through the trochanters<ref name=Dandy2009>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zxiHcX7QgsgC&pg=PA245 Page 245] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=zxiHcX7QgsgC&pg=PA245 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma, 5th edition|author=David J. Dandy, Dennis J. Edwards|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2009|isbn=9780702042096}}</ref><ref name="SchipperSteyerberg2009">{{cite journal|last1=Schipper|first1=Inger B.|last2=Steyerberg|first2=Ewout W.|last3=Castelein|first3=Rene M.|last4=Vugt|first4=Arie B. van|title=Reliability of the AO/ASIF classification for pertrochanteric femoral fractures|journal=Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica|volume=72|issue=1|year=2009|pages=36–41|doi=10.1080/000164701753606662}}</ref>) by the [[Müller AO Classification of fractures]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Femur&segment=Proximal|title=Proximal femur|website=[[AO Foundation]]|author=Ernst Raaymakers, Inger Schipper, Rogier Simmermacher, Chris van der Werken|accessdate=2017-04-23|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174524/https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Femur&segment=Proximal|archivedate=24 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Practically, the difference between these types is minor. The terms are often used synonymously.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=n069BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 Page 190] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=n069BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Global Orthopedics: Caring for Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuries in Austere Settings|author=Richard A. Gosselin, David A. Spiegel, Michelle Foltz|publisher=Springer Science & Business|year=2014|isbn=9781461415787}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DXjl7VPr9T8C&pg=PA365 Page 365] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=DXjl7VPr9T8C&pg=PA365 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Non-Invasive Respiratory Support, Third edition: A Practical Handbook|author=Anita K. Simonds|publisher=CRC Press|year=2007|isbn=9780340809846}}</ref> An ''isolated trochanteric fracture'' involves one of the trochanters without going through the anatomical axis of the femur, and may occur in young individuals due to forceful muscle contraction.<ref name=Pope2014>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OAuqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 Page 303] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=OAuqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Musculoskeletal Imaging E-Book|author=Thomas Pope, Hans L. Bloem, Javier Beltran, William B. Morrison, David John Wilson|edition=2|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2014|isbn=9780323278188}}</ref> Yet, an ''isolated trochanteric fracture'' may not be regarded as a true hip fracture because it is not cross-sectional. | Trochanteric fractures are subdivided into either intertrochanteric (between the [[greater trochanter|greater]] and [[lesser trochanter]]<ref name=Dandy2009/>) or pertrochanteric (through the trochanters<ref name=Dandy2009>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zxiHcX7QgsgC&pg=PA245 Page 245] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=zxiHcX7QgsgC&pg=PA245 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma, 5th edition|author=David J. Dandy, Dennis J. Edwards|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2009|isbn=9780702042096}}</ref><ref name="SchipperSteyerberg2009">{{cite journal|last1=Schipper|first1=Inger B.|last2=Steyerberg|first2=Ewout W.|last3=Castelein|first3=Rene M.|last4=Vugt|first4=Arie B. van|title=Reliability of the AO/ASIF classification for pertrochanteric femoral fractures|journal=Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica|volume=72|issue=1|year=2009|pages=36–41|doi=10.1080/000164701753606662}}</ref>) by the [[Müller AO Classification of fractures]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Femur&segment=Proximal|title=Proximal femur|website=[[AO Foundation]]|author=Ernst Raaymakers, Inger Schipper, Rogier Simmermacher, Chris van der Werken|accessdate=2017-04-23|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174524/https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Femur&segment=Proximal|archivedate=24 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Practically, the difference between these types is minor. The terms are often used synonymously.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=n069BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 Page 190] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=n069BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Global Orthopedics: Caring for Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuries in Austere Settings|author=Richard A. Gosselin, David A. Spiegel, Michelle Foltz|publisher=Springer Science & Business|year=2014|isbn=9781461415787}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DXjl7VPr9T8C&pg=PA365 Page 365] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=DXjl7VPr9T8C&pg=PA365 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Non-Invasive Respiratory Support, Third edition: A Practical Handbook|author=Anita K. Simonds|publisher=CRC Press|year=2007|isbn=9780340809846}}</ref> An ''isolated trochanteric fracture'' involves one of the trochanters without going through the anatomical axis of the femur, and may occur in young individuals due to forceful muscle contraction.<ref name=Pope2014>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OAuqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 Page 303] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105193617/https://books.google.com/books?id=OAuqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 |date=5 November 2017 }} in: {{cite book|title=Musculoskeletal Imaging E-Book|author=Thomas Pope, Hans L. Bloem, Javier Beltran, William B. Morrison, David John Wilson|edition=2|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2014|isbn=9780323278188}}</ref> Yet, an ''isolated trochanteric fracture'' may not be regarded as a true hip fracture because it is not cross-sectional. | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Femur&segment=Proximal AO classification of proximal femur fractures] | *[https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Femur&segment=Proximal AO classification of proximal femur fractures] | ||
Revision as of 11:38, 26 September 2018
Author:
Mikael Häggström [notes 1]
Hip fractures are fractures of the proximal femur, and are classified as follows:
Subcapital
In AO classification, these fractures are classified as either nondisplaced or displaced (not necessarily including how much).[1]
Trochanteric
Trochanteric fractures are subdivided into either intertrochanteric (between the greater and lesser trochanter[2]) or pertrochanteric (through the trochanters[2][3]) by the Müller AO Classification of fractures.[4] Practically, the difference between these types is minor. The terms are often used synonymously.[5][6] An isolated trochanteric fracture involves one of the trochanters without going through the anatomical axis of the femur, and may occur in young individuals due to forceful muscle contraction.[7] Yet, an isolated trochanteric fracture may not be regarded as a true hip fracture because it is not cross-sectional.
Notes
- ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Radlines:Authorship for details.
References
- ↑ . Revised AO/OTA classification (Jan 2018) - Proximal femur. Retrieved on 2018-06-19.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Page 245 in: David J. Dandy, Dennis J. Edwards (2009). Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma, 5th edition . Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780702042096.
- ↑ Schipper, Inger B.; Steyerberg, Ewout W.; Castelein, Rene M.; Vugt, Arie B. van (2009). "Reliability of the AO/ASIF classification for pertrochanteric femoral fractures ". Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 72 (1): 36–41. doi:.
- ↑ Ernst Raaymakers, Inger Schipper, Rogier Simmermacher, Chris van der Werken. Proximal femur. AO Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved on 2017-04-23.
- ↑ Page 190 in: Richard A. Gosselin, David A. Spiegel, Michelle Foltz (2014). Global Orthopedics: Caring for Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuries in Austere Settings . Springer Science & Business. ISBN 9781461415787.
- ↑ Page 365 in: Anita K. Simonds (2007). Non-Invasive Respiratory Support, Third edition: A Practical Handbook . CRC Press. ISBN 9780340809846.
- ↑ Page 303 in: Thomas Pope, Hans L. Bloem, Javier Beltran, William B. Morrison, David John Wilson (2014). Musculoskeletal Imaging E-Book (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323278188.
