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*'''===Liver, spleen , adrenals and adrenals''': kidneys===Scan through the entire volumes and look mainly for focal changes. :*The thickness of the adrenal glands is normally up to 1.0 cm.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/543510_2|title=CT and MRI of Adrenal Masses|author=Antonio Carlos A. Westphalen and Bonnie N. Joe|journal=Appl Radiol|year=2006|volume=35|issue=8|pages=10–26}}</ref>
Expanded
Example approach:
Further information:
<gallery>
File:CT of adrenal adenoma.jpg|link=CT of the adrenals|[[CT of the adrenals|CT of the '''adrenals''']]
</gallery>
*Look at the gallbladder and biliary tract for visible stones or dilatation.
*Also exclude hydronephrosis of the kidneys.
===Free gas===Switch to a lung window (wide attenuation range), with main focus on the anterior wall, where gas most likely appears.<br>While in this window, also have a glance at the bases of the lungs for pleural fluid or obvious lung tumors. ===Free fluid===Look mainly in the hepatorenal recess and inferiorly in the pelvis. ===Lymph nodes===Look mainly around the aorta and iliac arteries.{|class="wikitable" align="right"|+Upper abdominal lymph node cutoffs|-| Retrocrural space || 6 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991">{{cite journal|last1=Dorfman|first1=R E|last2=Alpern|first2=M B|last3=Gross|first3=B H|last4=Sandler|first4=M A|title=Upper abdominal lymph nodes: criteria for normal size determined with CT.|journal=Radiology|volume=180|issue=2|year=1991|pages=319–322|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.180.2.2068292}}</ref>|-| Paracardiac || 8 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991"/>|-| Gastrohepatic ligament || 8 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991"/>|-| Upper paraaortic region || 9 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991"/>|-| Portacaval space || 10 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991"/>|-| Porta hepatis || 7 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991"/>|-| Lower paraaortic region || 11 mm<ref name="DorfmanAlpern1991"/>|} ===Small intestine===On CT scans, a small intestinal diameter of over 2.5 cm is considered abnormally dilated.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=Medscape|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref name="GazelleGoldberg1994">{{cite journal|last1=Gazelle|first1=G S|last2=Goldberg|first2=M A|last3=Wittenberg|first3=J|last4=Halpern|first4=E F|last5=Pinkney|first5=L|last6=Mueller|first6=P R|title=Efficacy of CT in distinguishing small-bowel obstruction from other causes of small-bowel dilatation.|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=162|issue=1|year=1994|pages=43–47|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.162.1.8273687}}</ref> ===Large intestine===
[[File:Diameters of the large intestine.svg|thumb|Average inner diameters and ranges of different sections of the large intestine.<ref name=Nguyen>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen H, Loustaunau C, Facista A, Ramsey L, Hassounah N, Taylor H, Krouse R, Payne CM, Tsikitis VL, Goldschmid S, Banerjee B, Perini RF, Bernstein C |title=Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer |journal=J Vis Exp |volume= |issue=41 |pages= |year=2010 |pmid=20689513 |pmc=3149991 |doi=10.3791/1931 |url=}}</ref>]]
*Exclude dilatations.
*Check the intestinal wall for any thickening of over 5 mm.<ref name="FernandesOliveira2014">{{cite journal|last1=Fernandes|first1=Teresa|last2=Oliveira|first2=Maria I.|last3=Castro|first3=Ricardo|last4=Araújo|first4=Bruno|last5=Viamonte|first5=Bárbara|last6=Cunha|first6=Rui|title=Bowel wall thickening at CT: simplifying the diagnosis|journal=Insights into Imaging|volume=5|issue=2|year=2014|pages=195–208|issn=1869-4101|doi=10.1007/s13244-013-0308-y}}</ref> Focal, irregular and asymmetrical gastrointestinal wall thickening suggests a malignancy.<ref name="FernandesOliveira2014"/> Segmental or diffuse gastrointestinal wall thickening is most often due to ischemic, inflammatory or infectious disease.<ref name="FernandesOliveira2014"/>
===Aorta===
*Exclude aneurysm, which is generally defined as over 3 cm.<ref name=ACC2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW, Puschett JB, Rosenfield KA, Sacks D, Stanley JC, Taylor LM, White CJ, White J, White RA, Antman EM, Smith SC, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B | title = ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Associations for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease)—summary of recommendations | journal = J Vasc Interv Radiol | volume = 17 | issue = 9 | pages = 1383–97; quiz 1398 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16990459 | doi = 10.1097/01.RVI.0000240426.53079.46 }}</ref> {{Further|CT of abdominal aneurysm}}
==Small intestine=Skeleton=On CT scans, a small intestinal diameter of over 2.5 cm is considered abnormally dilated.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=Medscape|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref name="GazelleGoldberg1994">{{cite journal|last1=Gazelle|first1=G S|last2=Goldberg|first2=M A|last3=Wittenberg|first3=J|last4=Halpern|first4=E F|last5=Pinkney|first5=L|last6=Mueller|first6=P R|title=Efficacy of CT in distinguishing small-bowel obstruction from other causes of small-bowel dilatation.|journal=American Journal Any signs of Roentgenology|volume=162|issue=1|year=1994|pages=43–47|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.162.1damage.8273687}}</ref>
===Report===
Example report in a normal abdomen:==Aneurysm==<br>No free gas or ascites*[[CT of abdominal aneurysm]]<br>No focal changes in parenchymatous organs<br>No hydronephrosis or dilated biliary tract<br>No pleural fluid in visualized thorax.<br>No enlarged lymph nodes.<br>Normal intestinal calibers.
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