X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis

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The diameters of different segments of the large intestine can be compared to the width of lumbar vertebra 2 for more consistent reference ranges on abdominal x-rays.[1]
File:Ratios of large intestinal segments compared to lumbar vertebra 2.png
Ratios of large intestinal segments compared to lumbar vertebra 2, as 75th percentile, meaning that 25% of children normally have a ratio higher than this.[1]

For children, the degree of constipation may be scored by the Leech or the Barr systems:

File:Leech scoring areas.jpg
Areas used for the Leech system of constipation grading.
  • The Leech system assigns a score of 0 to 5 based on the amount of feces:[2]
  • 0: no visible feces
  • 1: scanty feces visible
  • 2: mild fecal loading
  • 3: moderate fecal loading
  • 4: severe fecal loading
  • 5: severe fecal loading with bowel dilatation
These score are assigned separately for the right colon, the left colon and the rectosigmoid colon, resulting in a maximum score of 15. A Leech score of 9 or greater is regarded as positive for constipation.[2]
  • The Barr system rates both the amount and consistency of the faeces, and assigns a score separately for the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum. Its maximum score is 22, and a score of 10 or greater is regarded as positive for constipation.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Koppen, Ilan J. N.; Yacob, Desale; Di Lorenzo, Carlo; Saps, Miguel; Benninga, Marc A.; Cooper, Jennifer N.; Minneci, Peter C.; Deans, Katherine J.; et al. (2016). "Assessing colonic anatomy normal values based on air contrast enemas in children younger than 6 years ". Pediatric Radiology 47 (3): 306–312. doi:10.1007/s00247-016-3746-0. ISSN 0301-0449. Archived from the original. . 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leech, Susan C.; McHugh, Kieran; Sullivan, P. B. (1999). "Evaluation of a method of assessing faecal loading on plain abdominal radiographs in children ". Pediatric Radiology 29 (4): 255–258. doi:10.1007/s002470050583. ISSN 0301-0449. 
  3. ↑ G., Anthony; H., Kathleen (2012). The Role of Diagnostic Tests in Constipation in Children . doi:10.5772/29213. 
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