Proximal femur

From radlines.org
Revision as of 14:33, 28 May 2018 by Mikael Häggström (talk | contribs) (center)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Author: Mikael Häggström [notes 1]

Fractures

Fractures of the proximal femur are also called "hip fractures", and are classified as follows:

Hip fracture classification.png

Trochanteric

Trochanteric fractures are subdivided into either intertrochanteric (between the greater and lesser trochanter[1]) or pertrochanteric (through the trochanters[1][2]) by the Müller AO Classification of fractures.[3] Practically, the difference between these types is minor. The terms are often used synonymously.[4][5] An isolated trochanteric fracture involves one of the trochanters without going through the anatomical axis of the femur, and may occur in young individuals due to forceful muscle contraction.[6] Yet, an isolated trochanteric fracture may not be regarded as a true hip fracture because it is not cross-sectional.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Page 245 in: David J. Dandy, Dennis J. Edwards (2009). Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma, 5th edition . Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780702042096. 
  2. ↑ Schipper, Inger B.; Steyerberg, Ewout W.; Castelein, Rene M.; Vugt, Arie B. van (2009). "Reliability of the AO/ASIF classification for pertrochanteric femoral fractures ". Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 72 (1): 36–41. doi:10.1080/000164701753606662. 
  3. ↑ Ernst Raaymakers, Inger Schipper, Rogier Simmermacher, Chris van der Werken. Proximal femur. AO Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved on 2017-04-23.
  4. ↑ Page 190 in: Richard A. Gosselin, David A. Spiegel, Michelle Foltz (2014). Global Orthopedics: Caring for Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuries in Austere Settings . Springer Science & Business. ISBN 9781461415787. 
  5. ↑ Page 365 in: Anita K. Simonds (2007). Non-Invasive Respiratory Support, Third edition: A Practical Handbook . CRC Press. ISBN 9780340809846. 
  6. ↑ Page 303 in: Thomas Pope, Hans L. Bloem, Javier Beltran, William B. Morrison, David John Wilson (2014). Musculoskeletal Imaging E-Book (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323278188. 


Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "notes", but no corresponding <references group="notes"/> tag was found, or a closing </ref> is missing

Retrieved from "https://radlines.org/index.php?title=Proximal_femur&oldid=674"