Kidney stone disease
Revision as of 22:31, 3 September 2018 by Mikael Häggström (talk | contribs) (→Evaluation: +Purposes)
Author:
Mikael Häggström [notes 1]
Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a calculus (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract.[1]
Contents
Planning
Need for imaging
Imaging is indicated in cases of flank pain and hematuria.[2]
Choice of exam
- Ultrasonography of the urinary system is the first-line imaging modality for patients <14 years of age and those who are pregnant. It is also the first-line investigation for thin (BMI <30) patients and there is a strong suspicion of kidney stone disease.[2]
- Abdominal CT is recommended for older patients, as well as those who have higher BMI and/or less specific findings.[2]
Evaluation
- Ultrasonography of renal stone located at the pyeloureteric junction.jpg
Renal ultrasonograph of a stone located at the pyeloureteric junction with accompanying hydronephrosis.
- CT measurement of kidney stone in soft tissue and bone window.jpg
Measurement of a 5.6 mm large kidney stone in soft tissue versus skeletal CT window.
The evaluation should focus on:[3]
- Presence of stones within the urinary tract
- Complications such as hydronephrosis (See: Hydronephrosis)
- Estimate the likelihood of stone passage
- Confirm any stone passage
- Assess the stone burden
- Evaluate any disease activity
Report
- Stone size(s) and location(s) along the urinary tract.
- Hydronephrosis and its severity
References
- ↑ . Kidney Stones in Adults (February 2013). Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved on 22 May 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Brisbane, Wayne; Bailey, Michael R.; Sorensen, Mathew D. (2016). "An overview of kidney stone imaging techniques ". Nature Reviews Urology 13 (11): 654–662. doi:. ISSN 1759-4812.
- ↑ J Kevin Smith, Mark E Lockhart, Nicole W Berland and Philip J Kenney (2015-10-27). Urinary Calculi Imaging. Medscape.
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